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Objective To systematically evaluate the incidences of complications of high frequency oscillatory ventilation ( HFOV) and conventional mechanical ventilation ( CMV ) in premature infants. Method Randomized controlled trials of HFOV and CMV in premature infants published in databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI Database, Wanfang Database, Weipu Chinese Sci－Tech Periodical Database were searched.The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to January 2018.The quality of the literature were evaluated , and Stata 15.0 statistical software was used for meta－analysis.Result A total of 18 articles and 3 888 premature infants were included in the study , including 1 910 in the HFOV group and 1 978 in the CMV group.No significant differences were found in the incidences of in－hospital mortality, air leakage syndromes , retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),≥grade 3 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA) requiring medication or surgery ( P ＞0.05 ).The incidences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (RR ＝0.90,95%CI 0.83 ～0.98),≥grade 2 ROP (RR ＝0.78, 95%CI 0.63～0.96) and pulmonary hemorrhage (RR＝0.63, 95%CI 0.47～0.85) in HFOV group was significantly lower than the CMV group (P＜0.05).In the subgroup analysis, the results of the researches in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s showed that no significant differences existed in in－hospital mortality between the HFOV group and the CMV group on ventilator pressure control mode and volume control mode (P＞0.05).Conclusion Current evidences suggested that comparing with CMV , the application of HFOV in preterm infants might reduce the incidences of BPD ,≥grade 2 ROP and pulmonary hemorrhage.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the value of detecting podocalyxin (PCX) level in urinary extracellular vesicles for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted among 57 diabetic patients admitted during the period from March to September, 2017, including 34 with uncomplicated diabetics and 23 with diabetic nephropathy; 21 patients with other types of nephropathy and 11 healthy individuals were also included to serve as the controls. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were used to verify the separation of urinary extracellular vesicles. The molecular markers of extracellular vesicles (TSG101 and podocalyxin [PCX]) were detected using Western blotting. PCX levels in extracellular vesicles were also detected using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TEM reveal the presence of numerous extracellular vesicles in the urine with intact morphology and different sizes, and most of them were below 300 nm in diameter as shown by NTA. TSG101 expression was detected in the samples from all the 4 groups. Positive expression of PCX was detected in the samples from patients with diabetic nephropathy but not in the other groups. In patients with diabetic nephropathy, the mean PCX levels (3.27±2.30 ng/μmol)was significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (1.22±0.36 ng/μmol), uncomplicated diabetes group (2.22±1.29 ng/μmol) and nephropathy group (1.24±0.45 ng/μmol).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PCX level in urinary extracellular vesicles is significantly increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy, suggesting the value of PCX as a potential marker for clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.</p>
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Background:Functional dyspepsia(FD)is a commonly seen functional disease which has great impact on patient’s quality of life and mental health,and has got more and more concern by clinicians. Aims:To explore the role of mast cells (MC)and plasma motilin( MTL)in the pathogenesis of FD. Methods:Sixty FD patients including 32 postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)and 28 epigastric pain syndrome(EPS)patients from September 2013 to January 2014 at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University were enrolled,and 28 healthy volunteers were served as controls(HS group). The number of gastric mucosal MC,plasma MTL level(fasting and 30 minutes after drinking warm water)and gastric emptying time(T1 / 2 )were compared. Results:Compared with HS group,number of gastric mucosal MC was significantly increased (P < 0. 001),plasma MTL level before and after drinking warm water in FD group were significantly decreased( P <0. 001),T1 / 2 was significantly prolonged(P < 0. 001). No significant difference in number of MC was found between PDS subgroup and EPS subgroup(P = 0. 094). Plasma MTL level before and after drinking warm water in PDS subgroup were significantly lower than those in EPS subgroup( P < 0. 001),and T1 / 2 was significantly prolonged( P < 0. 001). Conclusions:Number of gastric mucosal MC is significantly increased in FD patients compared with HS group,suggesting MC may play a role in the pathogenesis of FD. Plasma MTL level is decreased in FD patients,which may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis and occurrence of corresponding symptoms of FD.